拓?fù)涑瑢?dǎo)態(tài)是物質(zhì)的一種新狀態(tài), 其表面存在受拓?fù)浔Wo(hù)的金屬態(tài),而在其內(nèi)部則是超導(dǎo)態(tài)。當(dāng)其處于外磁場(chǎng)中時(shí),其磁通漩渦中可形成Majorana零能模,統(tǒng)計(jì)特性符合非阿貝爾統(tǒng)計(jì)。由于這些態(tài)受到拓?fù)浔Wo(hù),不受弱雜質(zhì)等的影響,因此拓?fù)涑瑢?dǎo)材料被認(rèn)為是實(shí)現(xiàn)量子計(jì)算最理想的材料。實(shí)現(xiàn)拓?fù)涑瑢?dǎo)材料主要有兩個(gè)途徑:一種是通過加壓、摻雜等方式在已有的拓?fù)洳牧现袑?shí)現(xiàn)超導(dǎo)(如CuxBi2Se3);另一種是尋找具有非平庸拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)的超導(dǎo)材料。而在實(shí)驗(yàn)最直接的證據(jù)就是發(fā)現(xiàn)Majorana零能模。
來自杭州師范大學(xué)曹超教授和浙江大學(xué)陳啟瑾教授的團(tuán)隊(duì)系統(tǒng)地研究了準(zhǔn)一維鉻基超導(dǎo)體的正常態(tài)電子結(jié)構(gòu)和拓?fù)湫再|(zhì),發(fā)現(xiàn)這些材料中存在受拓?fù)浔Wo(hù)的三重簡(jiǎn)并點(diǎn)。通過計(jì)算[010] 方向的表面態(tài),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這些三重簡(jiǎn)并點(diǎn)在該方向上被一維費(fèi)米弧鏈接。此外,研究者采用無規(guī)相近似的方法考慮電子間相互作用對(duì)體系的影響。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與Na2Cr3As3和Cs2Cr3As3相比,在K2Cr3As3和Rb2Cr3As3中具有非常強(qiáng)的鐵磁漲落。這一結(jié)果與多個(gè)NMR實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合。在該近似下,體系的三重簡(jiǎn)并點(diǎn)依舊存在,并沒有受到鐵磁漲落很大影響。在超導(dǎo)態(tài)時(shí)通過對(duì)體系晶格對(duì)稱性和超導(dǎo)能系對(duì)稱性,以及自旋軌道耦合系數(shù)的對(duì)稱性分析,研究提出該體系在超導(dǎo)態(tài)時(shí)也可能存在非平庸拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)。由于很強(qiáng)的鐵磁漲往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致超導(dǎo)三重態(tài)配對(duì),以及超導(dǎo)態(tài)時(shí)的非平庸拓?fù)湫再|(zhì),這種準(zhǔn)一維鉻基超導(dǎo)體材料在三重態(tài)配對(duì)下很可能是一種拓?fù)涑瑢?dǎo)的候選材料。
該文近期發(fā)表于npj Computational Materials 6: 30 (2020)。
Coexistence of nontrivial topological properties and strong ferromagnetic fluctuations in quasi-one-dimensional A2Cr3As3
Chenchao Xu, Ninghua Wu, Guo-Xiang Zhi, Bing-Hua Lei, Xu Duan,F(xiàn)anglong Ning, Chao Cao & Qijin Chen
Superconductivity in crystals without inversion symmetry has received extensive attention due to its unconventional pairing and possible nontrivial topological properties. Using first-principles calculations, we systemically study the electronic structure of noncentrosymmetric superconductors A2Cr3As3 (A?=?Na, K, Rb, and Cs)。 Topologically protected triply degenerate points connected by one-dimensional arcs appear along the C3 axis, coexisting with strong ferromagnetic (FM) fluctuations in the non-superconducting state. Within random phase approximation, our calculations show that strong enhancements of spin fluctuations are present in K2Cr3As3 and Rb2Cr3As3 and are substantially reduced in Na2Cr3As3 and Cs2Cr3As3. Symmetry analysis of pairing gap Δ(k) and spin–orbit coupling gk suggest that the arc surface states may also exist in the superconducting state, giving rise to possible nontrivial topological properties.
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