隨著車載技術的發展,需要更快地傳送大量數據,車載網絡的高速化變得越來越重要。車載以太網與以往的車載網絡相比,有很多優點,如:最適合希望數據傳輸速度高速化的用途和網絡,容易簡化。另外,隨著車載網絡通信速度的提高,信號質量和EMC對策變得很重要,因此需要選擇符合OPEN Alliance等標準的共模濾波器/扼流圈。本篇文章介紹了TDK用于車載以太網的ACT1210L系列共模濾波器/扼流圈。
目錄
車載以太網
S參數的比較
輻射EMI的比較
傳導EMI的比較
BCI的結果比較
支持TDK車載以太網的共模濾波器/扼流圈
總結
車載以太網
OPEN(One-Pair Ether-Net)Alliance Special Interest Group(SIG)推薦100BASE-T1及1000BASE-T1標準的車載以太網。本文介紹了使用符合OPEN Alliance的100BASE-T1標準的ACT1210L-201和不符合標準的ACT1210-110的共模濾波器/扼流圈的輻射EMI、傳導EMI、BCI的結果。
S參數的比較
作為一個例子,圖1對CAN-BUS用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210-110和車載以太網用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210L-201進行了比較。
與車載以太網用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210L-201比較,可以看到,CAN-BUS用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210-110不能滿足OPEN Alliance的標準值。
圖1
輻射EMI的比較
使用共模濾波器/扼流圈,可以獲得抑制噪聲的效果。特別是,還能獲得使30MHz以上超過標準線的部分衰減到噪聲基底附近的效果。(圖2)車載以太網用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210L-201在10MHz~40MHz附近,與CAN-BUS用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210-110比較,可以獲得噪聲抑制效果更好的結果。
Emission Test for 100BASE-T1 (Automotive Ethernet)
圖2
Setup
Status
?Class: CISPR25 Ed3 class 5
?Test site: Anechoic chamber (3m)
?DUT: 100BASE-T1 EVB
?Cable length: 1.5 m
傳導EMI的比較
使用共模濾波器/扼流圈,可以獲得抑制噪聲的效果。特別是在40MHz~90MHz超過標準的部分也能抑制噪聲。(圖3)
在150kHz~70MHz的范圍內,車載以太網用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210L-201更能發揮噪聲抑制效果。
圖3
Setup
Status
?Class: CISPR25 Ed3 class 5
?Test site: Anechoic chamber (3m)
?DUT: 100BASE-T1 EVB
?Cable length: 1.5 m
Comparison of BCI Results
Through時,幾乎在所有的頻率都會Fail,但加入共模濾波器/扼流圈后可以大幅改善。
車載以太網用共模濾波器/扼流圈:ACT1210L-201全部Pass。(表1)
Setup
Status
?Frequency: 1 - 400 MHz (CW)
?Injection Current: 200 mA (closed-loop method)
?Decision: CRC Error
?Test site: Shield room
Table 1
Frequency MHz | Through | ACT1210-110 | ACT1210L-201 |
---|---|---|---|
1.00 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
1.20 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
1.44 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
1.73 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
2.07 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
2.49 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
2.99 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
3.58 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
4.30 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
5.16 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
6.19 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
7.43 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
8.92 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
10.70 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
12.84 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
15.41 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
18.49 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
20.00 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
21.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
22.05 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
23.15 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
24.31 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
25.53 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
26.80 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
27.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
28.14 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
29.55 | Pass | Pass | Pass |
31.03 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
32.58 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
34.21 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
Frequency MHz | Through | ACT1210-110 | ACT1210L-201 |
---|---|---|---|
35.92 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
37.71 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
39.60 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
41.58 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
43.66 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
45.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
45.84 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
48.13 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
50.54 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
53.07 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
55.72 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
58.51 | Fail | Fail | Pass |
61.43 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
64.50 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
67.73 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
69.81 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
71.11 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
74.67 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
78.40 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
82.32 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
86.44 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
90.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
90.76 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
95.30 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
100.06 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
105.07 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
110.32 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
115.84 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
120.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
121.63 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
Frequency MHz | Through | ACT1210-110 | ACT1210L-201 |
---|---|---|---|
127.71 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
134.10 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
140.80 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
147.84 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
155.23 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
162.99 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
171.14 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
179.70 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
188.69 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
190.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
198.12 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
198.12 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
208.03 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
218.43 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
229.35 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
240.82 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
252.86 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
265.50 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
278.77 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
280.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
292.71 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
307.35 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
322.72 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
338.85 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
355.79 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
373.58 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
380.00 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
392.26 | Fail | Pass | Pass |
400.00 | Pass | Pass | Pass |
支持TDK車載以太網的共模濾波器/扼流圈
作為支持車載以太網的共模濾波器/扼流圈,TDK準備了符合OPEN Alliance標準的100BASE-T1及1000BASE-T1用共模濾波器/扼流圈。
支持標準 | 產品名稱 |
---|---|
100BASE-T1 | ACT1210L-201-2P-TL00 |
1000BASE-T1 | ACT1210G-800-2P-TL10 |
總結
從EMC測試結果可以看出,使用了不是為車載以太網設計的共模濾波器/扼流圈時,EMI的噪聲抑制效果和BCI的抗干擾性下降。因此,如果使用沒有通過OPEN Alliance標準的共模濾波器/扼流圈,會輻射噪聲,妨礙無線電等,也可能影響其他通信。另外,S參數的Sdd21特性是影響波形質量的參數,Sccc21特性是影響EMC抑制效果的參數,Ssd21(DCNR)特性是影響BCI耐性的參數。
因此,隨著車載網絡通信速度的提高,信號質量和EMC問題變得更加重要,所以應當選擇在確保符合OPEN Alliance等S參數標準的高電感值的同時,也具備模式轉換特性的DCMR(Ssd21)的共模過濾器/扼流圈。
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